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The science of facilities engineering did not exist in the early days of oil and gas development. Oil was produced to tanks, where gas was vented and water and sediments were allowed to settle to the bottom. In the early 1900s, anecdotal evidence indicated that oil recovery was higher when a separator preceded the tank than when oil flowed directly into the tank. The original separators had working pressures of approximately 150 psi with simple mechanical lever-operated controls.
With time, as deeper, higher-pressure wells were drilled and local distribution systems were developed to use the gas, separator working pressures increased. It was not until the mid-20th century that horizontal separators were first developed and tested to handle a growing need for high gas flow/low liquid flow separators.
At this point, facilities were not designed in a systematic way. For the most part, field personnel using empirically developed rules of thumb were able to “hook up” standard components based on slowly evolving experience with little or no disciplined thought. The need for documentation, quality control, and modern sensitivities to safety and environmental concerns were only beginning to be formed.
Since the 1950s, facilities have become more complex and more important for the overall economics of field-development decisions. The science of facilities engineering was born as the need and markets developed for heavy oil, waterflooding, sour oil and gas, high-pressure gas, and remote, offshore, and Arctic fields. Beginning in the late 1950s, oil companies began to recognize the need to hire, train, and employ facilities engineers as a distinct specialty.
Content:-
1. Oil and Gas Processing
2. Oil and Gas Separators
3. Emulsion Treating
4. Water-Treating Facilities in Oil and Gas Operations
5. Gas Treating and Processing
6. Pumps
7. Compressors
8. Prime Movers
9. Piping and Pipelines
10. Safety Systems
11. Liquid and Gas Measurement
12. Electrical Systems
13. Oil Storage
14. Offshore and Subsea Facilities
15. Project Management of Surface Facilities
Author Index
Subject Index
Author Details
"Larry W. Lake", Editor-in-Chief
U. of Texas at Austin
U. of Texas at Austin
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