Thursday, May 16, 2019

lecture Notes On Electrical Machine 1


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Syllabus:-
MODULE-I (10 HOURS)
Electromechanical Energy conversion, forces and torque in magnetic field systems – energy balance, energy and force in a singly excited magnetic field system, determination of magnetic force , coenergy, multi excited magnetic field systems.

DC Generators – Principle of operation, Action of commutator, constructional features, armature windings, lap and wave windings, simplex and multiplex windings, use of laminated armature, E. M.F. Equation,

Methods of Excitation: separately excited and self excited generators, build up of E.M.F., critical field resistance and critical speed , causes for failure to self excite and remedial measures, Armature reaction: Cross magnetizing and demagnetizing AT/pole, compensating winding, commutation, reactance voltage, methods of improving commutation

Load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators, parallel operation of DC generators, use of equalizer bar and cross connection of field windings, load sharing.

MODULE-II (10 HOURS)
Transformers: Single phase transformer, Constructional details, Core, windings, Insulation, principle of operation, emf equation, magnetising current and core losses, no load and on load operation, Phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, losses and efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency, voltage regulation, approximate expression for voltage regulation, open circuit and short circuit tests, Sumpner’s test, Inrush of switching currents, harmonics in single phase transformers, magnetizing current wave form, Parallel operation of transformers.

MODULE-III (10 HOURS)
DC Motors: Principle of operation, Back E.M.F., Torque equation, characteristics and application of shunt, series and compound motors, Armature reaction and commutation, Starting of DC motor, Principle of operation of 3 point and 4 point starters, drum controller, Constant & Variable losses, calculation of efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency. Speed control of DC Motors: Armature voltage and field flux control methods, Ward Leonard method.

Methods of Testing: direct, indirect and regenerative testing, brake test, Swinburne’s test, Load test, Hopkinson’s test, Field’s test, Retardation test, separation of stray losses in a DC motor test.

MODULE-IV (10 HOURS)
Three phase Transformer: Constructional features of three phase transformers – three phase connection of transformers (Dd0, Dd6, Yy0, Yy6, Dy1, Dy11, Yd1, Yd11, zigzag), Scott connection, open delta connection, three phase to six phase connection, oscillating neutral, tertiary winding, three winding transformer, equal and unequal turns ratio, parallel operation, load sharing.Distribution transformers, all day efficiency, Autotransformers, saving of copper, applications, tap- changing transformers, cooling of transformers.




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