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Description
Primary cementing is the process of placing cement in the annulus between the casing and the formations exposed to the wellbore. Since its inception in 1903; the major objective of primary cementing has always been to provide zonal isolation in the wellbore of oil, gas, and water wells (Smith, 1984; Smith, 1987), e.g., to exclude fluids such as water or gas in one zone from oil in another zone. To achieve this objective, a hydraulic seal must be obtained between the casing and the cement, and between the cement and the formations, while at the same time preventing fluid channels in the cement sheath (Fig. 1). This requirement makes primary cementing the most important operation performed on a well. Without complete zonal isolation in the wellbore, the well may never reach its full producing potential. Remedial work required to repair a faulty cementing job may do irreparable harm to the producing formation. In addition to the possibility of lost reserves and lower producing rates, start-up of production (revenue) is delayed. Other problems may arise, such as not being able to confine stimulation treatments to the producing zone, or confining secondary and tertiary fields to the pay zone.
Content:-
Preface
Introduction
1. Implications of Cementing on Well Performance
2. Chemistry and Characterization of Portland Cement
3. Cement Additives and Mechanisms of Action
4. Rheology of Well Cement Slurries
5. Mud Removal
6. Cement/Formation Interactions
7. Special Cement Systems
8. Prevention of Annular Gas Migration
9. Thermal Cements
10. Cementing Equipment and Casing Hardware
11. Cement Job Design
12. Primary Cementing Techniques
13. Remedial Cementing
14. Foamed Cement
15. Horizontal Well Cementing
16. Cement Job Evaluation
Appendices
Index
Author Details
"Erik B. Nelson"
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