HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers (2nd Edition), by Herbert W. Stanford III

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This is the second edition of HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers, which was first published in 2003. (HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford)In the past 8 years, there have been major improvements to many chillers and cooling tower elements resulting in both improved performance and lower operating costs.

Climate change and a new focus on “green” design have significantly impacted the selection of refrigerants and the application of chilled water systems. (HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford).And, finally, the expanded use of digital controls and variable frequency drives, along with reapplication of some older technologies, especially ammonia-based absorption cooling, has necessitated updating of this text in a new, second edition.

There are two fundamental types of HVAC systems designed to satisfy building cooling requirements:
Direct expansion (DX) systems, where there is direct heat exchange between the building air and a primary refrigerant, and secondary refrigerant systems that utilize chilled water as an intermediate heat exchange media to transfer heat from the building air to a refrigerant.Chilled water systems are the heart of central HVAC cooling, providing cooling throughout a building or a group of buildings from one source. (HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford) Centralized cooling offers numerous operating, reliability, and efficiency advantages over individual DX systems and, on a life cycle basis, can have a significantly lower total cost.

And, chilled water systems, especially with water-cooled chillers, represent a much more “green” design option. (HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford).Every central HVAC cooling system is made up of one or more refrigeration machines or water chillers designed to collect excess heat from buildings and reject that heat to the outdoor air.The water chiller may use the vapor compression refrigeration cycle or an absorption refrigeration cycle (utilizing either lithium bromide or ammonia solutions).

Vapor compression refrigeration compressors may be reciprocating, scroll helical screw or centrifugal type with electric or gas-fired engine prime movers.The heat collected by any water chiller must be rejected to the atmosphere. (HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford)

This waste heat can be rejected by air-cooling in a process that transfers heat directly from the refrigerant to the ambient air or by water-cooling, a process that uses water to collect the heat from the refrigerant and then to reject that heat to the atmosphere.Water-cooled systems offer advantages over air-cooled systems, including smaller physical size, longer life, and higher operating efficiency (in turn resulting in reduced greenhouse gas contribution and atmospheric warming).

The success of their operation depends, however, on the proper sizing, selection, application, operation, and maintenance of one or more cooling towers that act as heat rejecters.

The goal of this HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford book is to provide the HVAC designer, the building owner, and his or her operating and maintenance staff, the architect, and the mechanical contractor with definitive and practical information and guidance relative to the application, design, purchase, operation, and maintenance of water chillers and cooling towers.The first half of the HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers by Herbert W. Stanford book discusses water chillers, while the second half addresses cooling towers.

Each of these two topics is treated in separate sections, each of which is divided into three basic parts:

1. Under “Fundamentals,” the basic information about systems and equipment is presented. How they work and their various components are presented and discussed.
2. Under “Design and Application,” equipment sizing, selection, and application are discussed. In addition, the details of piping, control, and water treatment are presented. Finally, special considerations such as noise control, electrical service, fire protection, and energy efficiency are presented.
3. Finally, the “Operations and Maintenance” section takes components and systems from commissioning through programmed maintenance. Chapters on purchasing equipment include guidelines and recommended specifications for procurement.

Author Details

"Herbert W. Stanford III"

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