STAIRS DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
“A Stair is a system of steps by which people and objects may pass from one level of a building to another.”A stair is to be designed to span a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps.
Some of the functional requirements of stair cases are;
- Stability
- Protection from fire
- Suitable dimensions (for normal, elderly, disabled people& children)
- Appearance
COMPONENTS&TERMINOLOGY
Flight : A series of steps between different levels or storeys of a building
Landing : An area of floor at the top of or between flights of stairs for changing direction in the stairs & providing are sting place between long flights of stairs.
Tread :The part of the step that is stepped on.
Riser : The vertical portion of the step between steps.
Nosing : An edge part of the tread that extends from the riser beneath
Winders : Winders are steps that are narrower on one side than the other. They are used to change the direction of the stairs without landings. A series of winders form a circular or spiral stairway.
Stringer or string : The structural member that supports the treads. There are typically two stringers, one on either side of the stairs; though the treads may be supported many other ways. The stringers are notched so that the risers and treads fit into them.
Handrail: A rail fixed parallel above the pitch line at the sides of a stair.
Balusters: Vertical members which support a handrail.
Newel: A vertical post which might provide support for either the handrail, or support for the upper end of an outer string.
Bullnose : when one or both sides of the stairs are open, the first step above the lower floor may be wider than the other steps . The rounded portion of the step is called a "bullnose".
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