Friday, October 28, 2022

INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING - DOWNLOAD PDF


 
ENGINEERING
  • Ingenious means ' Clever Person" in Latin Language.
  • Engineering is the application of Scientific, economic, social & Practical knowledge in order to design, build, maintain and improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.
  • It is a profession of converting scientific knowledge into useful practical applications, where the materials & forces in nature are effectively used for the benefit of mankind.
  • Technology is an application of basic scientific knowledge to advancement.
  • Oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from the stone age civilization.
  • A professional engineering discipline that deals with the analysis, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructural facilities such as buildings, bridges , dams , roads etc.
  • It is the oldest branch of professional engineering, where the civil engineers are concerned with projects for the public or civilians Civil Engineer is a person who plays a key role in such activities.

Surveying
  • It is a science and art of determining the relative position of points on the earth's surface by measuring distances, directions and vertical heights directly or indirectly.
  • Surveying helps in preparing maps and plans, which help in project implementation.If the scale is small, the representation is called map, while it is called plan if the scale is large.
Types of Surveying
  • Plane Surveying
  • Geodetic Surveying

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