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</td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_13.html">Drilling Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_43.html">Aeronautical Engineering Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechatronics.html">Mechatronics Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/formulas-conversions.html">Formulas and Conversions Books</a></span></b></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 9pt;" valign="top"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/fluide-mechanics.html">Fluid Mechanics Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/strenth-of-metarials.html">Strength of Materials Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-excel-sheet.html">Engineering Excel Sheets</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/thermodynamics.html">Thermodynamics Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<tr> <td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/industrial-and-or.html">Operations & Research Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-hand-written-notebooks.html">Mechanical Engineering Handbooks </a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_87.html">Manufacturing & Production Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="padding: 0in 9pt;" valign="top"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/metrology.html">Metrology Books </a></span></b></td></tr>
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 9pt;" valign="top"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/gear-pump.html">Gear Design Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-hand-written-notebooks.html">Handwritten </a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-leture-notes.html">Lecture </a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-leture-notes.html">Note's</a></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-objective-questions.html">Objective</a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-objective-questions.html">Question &Answers</a></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_26.html">Power Plant Engineering Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_49.html">Diesel Engines Books</a></span></b></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/bearing-alignment-books.html">Bearing Alignment Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="text-align: center;" vspace="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 9pt;" valign="top"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/vibrations.html">Vibrations Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 9pt;" valign="top"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/workshope-books.html">Workshop Technology Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0in 9pt;" valign="top"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/autocad.html">AutoCAD Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/wind-energy.html">Wind Energy</a></span></b></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/compressers.html">Compressors Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_18.html">NDT Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechanical-engineering_31.html">Un-categorized Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/petrolium.html">Petroleum Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/gas-turbines.html">Gas Turbine Books</a></span></b></td> </tr>
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<b><span style="background-color: #f1c232; font-size: x-large;">MEP Books</span></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background: rgb(211, 229, 246); border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mep.html">MEP Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/hvac_31.html">HVAC Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/plumbing.html">Plumbing Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/oil.html">Oil & Gas</a></span></b></div>
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</b></td><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/fire.html">Fire Fighting Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/iosh-books.html">IOSH- Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/autocad.html">AutoCad Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_18.html">NDT Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/petrolium.html">Petroleum Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/piping-engineering.html">Piping Engineering Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/welding.html">Welding & Fabrications</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/bearing-alignment-books.html">Bearing & Alignment Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/compressers.html">Compressors</a></span></b></div>
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<b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/compressers.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
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</b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/fire.html">Fire & Safety Books</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/formulas-conversions.html">Formulas and Conversions Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/engineering-mathematics.html">Engineering Mathematics</a></span></b></div>
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<b><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/engineering-mathematics.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
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</b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/hvac.html">HVAC Excel Sheets</a></span></b></td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/piping-excel-sheets.html">Piping Excel Sheets</a></span></b></div>
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</td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Plumbing Excel Sheets</span></b></div>
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</td><td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/gas-turbines.html">Gas Turbine Books</a></span></b></td></tr>
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b><b><u><span style="background-color: #f1c232; font-size: x-large;">Computer Science Books</span></u></b></b></h2>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Software</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Lecture </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Note's</span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/csc-objective-questions.html">Objective</a></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/csc-objective-questions.html">Question &Answers</a></span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/technology-books.html">Technology </a></span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/technology-books.html">Books</a></span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</td> </tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
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</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br />
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<div align="center">
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</b></div>
<div align="center">
<b><br />
</b></div>
<div align="center">
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b style="background-color: #f1c232;"><u>EEE & ECE Books</u></b></span></h2>
</div>
<div align="center">
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background: #D3E5F6; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-insideh-themecolor: background1; mso-border-insideh: 2.25pt solid white; mso-border-insidev-themecolor: background1; mso-border-insidev: 2.25pt solid white; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-power-system.html">Electrical Power Systems</a></span></b><br />
<b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-power-system.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-control-systems.html">Control Systems</a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-control-systems.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td><td style="border-left: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-cerquets-books.html">Electrical Circuits</a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-cerquets-books.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/robotics.html">Robotics</a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/robotics.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-system-design.html">Electrical System Design </a></span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-system-design.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/analog-and-digital-electronics.html">Analog and Digital </a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/analog-and-digital-electronics.html">Electronics Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-hand-written-notebooks.html">Handwritten Note Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-lecture-notes.html">Lecture Note Book</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electr.html">EEE Objective Questions & Answers</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/engineering-mathematics.html">Engineering Mathematics</a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/engineering-mathematics.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electronic.html">ECE Objective Questions & Answers</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-transmission-lines.html">Transmission Lines Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 171pt;" valign="top" width="228"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical.html">Electrical Communication Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/mechatronics.html">Mechatronics Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/formulas-conversions.html">Formulas & Conversions Books</a></span></b></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border: 2.25pt solid white; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/autocad.html">AutoCad Books</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrial-excel-sheets.html">Electrical Engineering Excel Sheets</a></span></b></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-safety.html">Electrical Safety </a></span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-safety.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electric-motor-devices.html">Electrical Motor</a> </span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electric-motor-devices.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: 2.25pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 2.25pt solid white; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/ac.html">AC & DC Current Books</a></span></b></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/solar-system.html">Solar Systems</a> </span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/solar-system.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/wiring-technology.html">Wiring Technology</a> </span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/wiring-technology.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 171.0pt;" valign="top" width="228"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/wind-energy.html">Wind Energy </a> </span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/wind-energy.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 175.5pt;" valign="top" width="234"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-installation.html">Electrical Installation </a> </span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/electrical-installation.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid white 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid white 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-alt: solid white 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_26.html">Power Plant</a> </span></b><b><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.pdfstall.online/p/blog-page_26.html">Books</a></span></b></b></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-60782632344569370832024-03-03T21:03:00.000-08:002024-03-03T21:04:47.609-08:00Practical Implementation of FACTs on a Model Transmission Line For Performance Improvement<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEEd4d2TCpRGF7xQlIOmW0domonDxmS5Q3fYJgdagt1-gu8vaLK162rQYks2bqt19Zfx1R-19c5bG5YcnvI3ZcTXcREmn6FLMnDUlhp3pxYO6JmiadCOLkQqnh1IrN1jn5QJH_zhrZBglDKKiVGRwtc6yP38H6QKOjP2zNZ107fhiDMk7aLLbH-GJFmek/w640-h480/a290ffcbb4953ad9cbd6fc05defe15ef.jpg" width="640" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Contents</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">What is FACTs ?</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Objectives of FACTs </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Types of FACTs Controllers </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Transmission line Parameters & Design of FACTS Controllers</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Advantages of FACTs Controllers </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Conclusion</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Reference </span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>What is FACTs ?</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">FACTs is an acronym for Flexible AC Transmission Systems. FACTs uses solid state switching devices to control power flow through a transmission network, so that the transmission network is loaded to its full capacity.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">FACTs idea was put forward by prof. hingorani of EPRI, USA in 1988.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">A line can be loaded up to its full thermal limit by FACTs.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Power transfer can be increased thru an old line by FACTs.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>History of FACTs</b><br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Flexible AC Transmission systems Technology (FACTs) was first proposed by the Dr Narain G. Hingorani in 1988 of electric power research institute (EPRI), USA.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">The first FACTs installation was at the C.J. Slatt Substation near Arlington , Oregon.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">This is a 500 kv, 3-phase 60Hz substation, and was developed by EPRI, the Bonneville power Administration and General Electric Company.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script></span>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-30373814723551115972024-02-28T21:00:00.000-08:002024-02-28T21:00:51.232-08:00How to Reduce Transformer Losses - Download Presentation <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="997" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBjLsW0o4885ldBeBGKlazB8bvWWHXihBoRvcC0PSxSPqSnMCCRsscYEgQoCb5IP0dVLNRzqPL3ZqHyB-1i8VhBme7mXC9ggCfw81DDdReOdnGHzEqGjp2kUYUa2uhdH8aAndygDfHqQ00dnHMBxkCZv72gguIskAKI1_88GU8pCvqPaFe8Ww0sRPGnEw/s16000/58de14fec5c0be6e8a9ed632e4cebeaf-page-001.jpg" /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br />A transformer is an electrical apparatus which is used to convert an alternating current from one voltage to another. It can be designed to step up or step down voltages based on the number of turns in the coil in primary and the secondary coil. It works on the magnetic induction principle. <br /><br /><b>Complete step by step solution:</b><br />A transformer is designed to convert alternating current into another voltage very efficiently. But there are small energy losses that do occur in them. The four main causes cause of energy loss in transformer are as following:<br /><br /><b>1. Resistance of windings</b><br />The wire used in the winding of the coil of the transformer contributes to heat loss due to electric heating.<br />As per Joule’s law of heating,<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>P=i2R</b><br /></div><div>Where, P is the rate of heat generated in the wire of resistance R when i is the electric current in the wire.<br /><br /><b>2. Flux leakage </b> </div><div>Due to error in the design of the core of the secondary coil, all the magnetic flux produced in the primary coil may not be linked to the secondary coil. That is the reason for the flux leakage.<br /><b><br />3. Eddy currents </b></div><div>When the magnetic field in primary coil changes then it induces currents in the secondary coil and also currents in the iron core itself. These currents flow in little circles in the iron core and are called eddy currents. The eddy currents cause heat loss.<br /><br /><b>4. Hysteresis </b></div><div>The magnetization of the core is repeatedly reversed by the alternating magnetic field. The repeating core magnetization process expends energy and this energy appears as heat. <br /><br /><b>Methods to reduce the energy loss in transformer:</b><br />1. Use of low resistance wire for the winding of the coil.<br />2. Heat loss due to eddy current can be reduced by the lamination of the iron core.<br />3. The heat generated can be kept to a minimum by using a magnetic material which has a low hysteresis loss. Hence, soft iron is often chosen for the core material because the magnetic domains within it changes rapidly with low energy loss.</div><div><br /><b>Note: </b></div><div><b> </b>1. Transformer converts an alternative current into another voltage.<br />2. There are two types of transformer one is step up transformer and another is step down transformer. </div><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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This applies with particular force in the case of alternating current work.<br /><br />The first section of the Pocket Book is, therefore, devoted to the theoretical groundwork upon which all the practical applications are based. This covers symbols, fundamentals, electrostatics and magnetism.<br />When an engineer is called upon to deal with any particular type of electrical apparatus, for example a protective relay system, a thermostatically controlled heating system, or industrial switchgear and control gear, the first requirement is that he shall understand the principles upon which these systems operate. In order to provide this information, much space has been devoted in the various sections to clear descriptions of the circuits and principles which are used in the different types of electrical apparatus. <br /><br />The inclusion of technical descriptions, together with the essential data embodied in the tables, will be found to provide the ideal combination for those engineers engaged on the utilization side of the industry, where many different types of equipment and electrical appliances, ranging from semiconductor rectifiers to electrode steam boilers, may have to be specified, installed and maintained in safe and efficient operation. <br /><br />An extensive summary of the sixteenth edition of the ‘IEE Regulations for Electrical Installations’ (now BS 7671) is contained in Chapter 12. In 1992 when this was first issued as a British Standard, the layout and content were markedly different to the previous editions and for those personnel working in electrical contracting it is important that they obtain their own up-to-date copy of the Regulations. One of the most important changes in 1992 was the exclusion of many of the Appendices which were published as separate<br />Guidance Notes (see page 260). Another change was the inclusion of a new Part 6, ‘Special installations or locations’. Section 6 has been added to in the 2001 edition, and, in addition, in an extended Part 7, there is increased emphasis on periodic inspection and testing. More is said about these in the Preface and in Chapter 12.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://www.iqytechnicalcollege.com/newnes-electrical-pocket-book.pdf" target="_blank"> Download PDF </a></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-19393932965845212852023-02-22T02:09:00.000-08:002023-02-22T02:09:56.310-08:00𝗠𝗘𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗢𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗘𝗫𝗔𝗠 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗔<p> <span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQaWACLPNyOWep4v4WpGZ-Mi9tRCLH1ohURuncQgv4Fm3JBM_01heKtQAuhow5D_GJMwmbirkycEs1QpYUiCMPsnUXpUHtTR4b0LRXs-ojhBgsgPi1ZUPy9nc63hB3eDZ9qQGYyqAACGUHes-LKdba7SrXuodmkM2nO4F4Z3wnvt43rqEVv_sHeX43/s1275/283912643_173665195043208_4580671976875591072_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1275" data-original-width="901" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQaWACLPNyOWep4v4WpGZ-Mi9tRCLH1ohURuncQgv4Fm3JBM_01heKtQAuhow5D_GJMwmbirkycEs1QpYUiCMPsnUXpUHtTR4b0LRXs-ojhBgsgPi1ZUPy9nc63hB3eDZ9qQGYyqAACGUHes-LKdba7SrXuodmkM2nO4F4Z3wnvt43rqEVv_sHeX43/s16000/283912643_173665195043208_4580671976875591072_n.jpg" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-family: verdana;">𝗠𝗘𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗢𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗘𝗫𝗔𝗠 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗔 <img src="https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/images/emoji.php/v9/ta2/1.5/16/1f4da.png" /> PDF Download<br /></span><ul><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Mathematics & Engineering Sciences</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Machine Design & Machine Shop Practices</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Power and Industrial Plant Engineering.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>What is Mathematical Engineering?</b><br />Mathematical engineering is an interdisciplinary undergraduate program which adds the deep and broad theoretical infrastructure of mathematics, the oldest and most fundamental science, to the study of engineering. Mathematical engineering aims to provide students with skills in analysis, algorithmic thinking, and modeling development needed in contemporary information Technologies.<br />In addition to providing graduates with a sound mathematical foundation to pursue an academic education in theoretical and applied mathematics, it provides a strong basis for their future professional lives in a wide range of fields. These include various engineering sciences, information technology, software, economics, finance, business, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, etc.</span><p></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Machine Design & Machine Shop Practices</b><br />A machine shop or engineering workshop (UK) is a room, building, or company where machining, a form of subtractive manufacturing, is done. In a machine shop, machinists use machine tools and cutting tools to make parts, usually of metal or plastic (but sometimes of other materials such as glass or wood). A machine shop can be a small business (such as a job shop) or a portion of a factory, whether a toolroom or a production area for manufacturing. The building construction and the layout of the place and equipment vary, and are specific to the shop; for instance, the flooring in one shop may be concrete, or even compacted dirt, and another shop may have asphalt floors. A shop may be air-conditioned or not; but in other shops it may be necessary to maintain a controlled climate. Each shop has its own tools and machinery which differ from other shops in quantity, capability and focus of expertise.</span><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Power and Industrial Plant Engineering.</b><br />Power plant engineering or power station engineering is a division of power engineering, and is defined as “the engineering and technology required for the production of central station electric power.” The field is focused on the generation of power for industries and communities, not for household power production.<br />The field is an interdisciplinary field, using the theoretical base of both mechanical and electrical engineering. The engineering aspect of power plant management has evolved with technology and has become progressively more complicated.</span><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BQZqJUxoT8yI5Vo3_5lTiRb0IV8UyPNA?fbclid=IwAR2LFC8vtfz-TAAYcOekTFmovQ7XfIdWKdNGu-YluVDhLgtTY_ny9Wn7Lt8" target="_blank">Download PDF</a></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-23057008492517331892023-01-28T22:35:00.004-08:002023-02-06T21:39:44.520-08:00CSWIP 3.1: Question with Answer - PDF<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGObyqixnPL1o-cBB0OXd27CBa6klXdU3EqyC5bQmKzPm5IKAVEBaqycI0PpkKSvcSyCZaQYxvPmHcbLDqMNNoT183keiSeqLA17sO3bGLq45ivrpqHAHTSc9C577v9Zp_5iMaGfrq-ePyaR5Fxf_5H4kRBrUmjlYa75Z-KMnxG82wY5TgIVFYIMnp/s1280/1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGObyqixnPL1o-cBB0OXd27CBa6klXdU3EqyC5bQmKzPm5IKAVEBaqycI0PpkKSvcSyCZaQYxvPmHcbLDqMNNoT183keiSeqLA17sO3bGLq45ivrpqHAHTSc9C577v9Zp_5iMaGfrq-ePyaR5Fxf_5H4kRBrUmjlYa75Z-KMnxG82wY5TgIVFYIMnp/w640-h360/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">CSWIP 3.1 : Questions with Answers </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In these blog you can get PDF file of CSWIP 3.1 : Questions with Answers </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">There are 7 Papers in PDF : Download PDF from the links are given Below</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Here are the few sample image of pdf </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Download link is below of the page <br /><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script><b>Piston Rings Role ? </b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">They transfer 60 percent of the heat from the piston to the cylinder wall. <br />The main function of PISTON RING To give a gas-tight sealing of the clearance between the piston and the liner. <br />They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion. <br />They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost. <br />Piston rings are fitted in grooves which have been cut in the piston. They are split at one end so they can expand or slipped over the end of piston.<br />Piston rings prevent the piston from knocking on the cylinder wall.</span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>What is Connecting Rod ?</b><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;">A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft.The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston. In its most common form, in an internal combustion engine, it allows pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end. <br />The predecessor to the connecting rod is a mechanic linkage used by water mills to convert rotating motion of the water wheel into reciprocating motion.</span><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-91745080428134428522023-01-04T02:46:00.002-08:002023-01-04T02:46:48.724-08:00Presentation on DC Electrical Circuit Analysis - PDF<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloS5BK8V0VdW9LG_mJPu7Bd6OjmTW0xhThJKtgQ2kapqTy9A3eBLIvbuvBpfC3T_20rStXCsMDxbOxtq5g5u-98pb1isKOPdNTE2upVE2GAtXna5HMAgdjZqoMzDEn40yk9Cj2sFjVYU6Cv_joshitgSvco_Hd4f0EXvb4ow0jQ20W2uGCwvwbg8r/s2000/diplomaiboeeu-2dccircuitanalysis-150115224410-conversion-gate01-01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="2000" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloS5BK8V0VdW9LG_mJPu7Bd6OjmTW0xhThJKtgQ2kapqTy9A3eBLIvbuvBpfC3T_20rStXCsMDxbOxtq5g5u-98pb1isKOPdNTE2upVE2GAtXna5HMAgdjZqoMzDEn40yk9Cj2sFjVYU6Cv_joshitgSvco_Hd4f0EXvb4ow0jQ20W2uGCwvwbg8r/w640-h480/diplomaiboeeu-2dccircuitanalysis-150115224410-conversion-gate01-01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b><br />What is DC Circuit ?</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">A DC circuit is an electrical circuit that only consists of Constant voltage and/or current sources,</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Resistive loads (resistors). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">This circuit is independent from time. If a circuit doesn’t need any past value of its voltage and current, we can assume that circuit is a DC circuit. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">It doesn’t need its past value hence it doesn’t use any complex calculation consisting of time-varying, transient period, or something like that.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">We only need to analyze its steady-state calculation, of course with a DC solution.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Keep in mind that not every electrical circuit can be solved with a DC solution. Get ready to use another solution if the circuit has inductive (inductor) and capacitive (capacitor) loads.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Furthermore, it is safe to refer to a circuit as a DC circuit if it is energized by DC sources (battery or DC power supply).</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /><b>Application of DC Circuit</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">DC is commonly found in extra low and low voltage applications, especially for batteries and solar cells. Most of our electronic devices also require DC voltage and DC power supply.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Keep in mind that when we are using DC electrical devices, we need to pay attention to the polarity or else you will break it. Even if your devices have a diode bridge element, it is still a wise thing to connect the proper polarity.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">There are also many uses of a DC voltage in the automotive sector.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Take example of the developing electric vehicles, they are using batteries meaning a DC voltage. Diesel engines in heavy vehicles, trucks, farm equipment, etc also use DC voltage systems.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">DC power supplies are also found in telecommunication technology.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">This power supply will maintain the connection lines for subscribers if there is an interruption during operating. DC-DC converter is also popular as a power source for communication devices.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">For efficiency, high voltage power transmission uses DC electricity. This is because in long distance transmission, the losses by High Voltage DC Voltage (HVDC) are lower and cheaper.</span></li><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-64646411046784710462023-01-03T22:34:00.004-08:002023-01-03T22:35:51.665-08:00Important Basics on HVAC Systems - PDF<p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs4bs88gYggN5n6bSQ0Oq1LpZI7_No-2Ie-mIGwSwDM2qbTs0zU7ZPlJoyZOAhX89y9U5fYHxAD6hvf0AeuuMAerimCCKIhktq4NEMv2YRTcADbCnYdNPNoxpt5R4p913GnQiX6bicrAo41ViwQGK800Yq97pR5SLGez6bBNs0CI45US6mzVWJAqMj/s2845/hvac-presentation-001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2134" data-original-width="2845" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs4bs88gYggN5n6bSQ0Oq1LpZI7_No-2Ie-mIGwSwDM2qbTs0zU7ZPlJoyZOAhX89y9U5fYHxAD6hvf0AeuuMAerimCCKIhktq4NEMv2YRTcADbCnYdNPNoxpt5R4p913GnQiX6bicrAo41ViwQGK800Yq97pR5SLGez6bBNs0CI45US6mzVWJAqMj/w640-h480/hvac-presentation-001.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><b>What is HVAC System ?</b><br />Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers). <br /><br />HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels, and senior living facilities; medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals; vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines; and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors. Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Methods for ventilating a building are divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script><b>What is Air Conditioning ?</b><br />An air conditioning system, or a standalone air conditioner, provides cooling and/or humidity control for all or part of a building. Air conditioned buildings often have sealed windows, because open windows would work against the system intended to maintain constant indoor air conditions. Outside, fresh air is generally drawn into the system by a vent into a mix air chamber for mixing with the space return air. Then the mixture air enters an indoor or outdoor heat exchanger section where the air is to be cooled down, then be guided to the space creating positive air pressure. The percentage of return air made up of fresh air can usually be manipulated by adjusting the opening of this vent. Typical fresh air intake is about 10% of the total supply air.[citation needed] <br /><br />Air conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal of heat. Heat can be removed through radiation, convection, or conduction. The heat transfer medium is a refrigeration system, such as water, air, ice, and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants. A refrigerant is employed either in a heat pump system in which a compressor is used to drive thermodynamic refrigeration cycle, or in a free cooling system that uses pumps to circulate a cool refrigerant (typically water or a glycol mix). <br /><br />It is imperative that the air conditioning horsepower is sufficient for the area being cooled. Underpowered air conditioning systems will lead to power wastage and inefficient usage. Adequate horsepower is required for any air conditioner installed. </span><br /><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-18238085900680653682023-01-03T21:48:00.003-08:002023-01-03T21:48:57.456-08:00Introduction on Bearing Capacity - PDF<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="996" data-original-width="1330" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh8gUSd8znWpdmXBsk3omcBHL4rDXoxlx7SDlyBxe8buCdZUDu_-yVNGYM2EfOaFama9SaTwjWL92JnqklQnTh2jo7Usa3dyobXDrbUv59bamselhiK4qOABa2iqCCkf-Zr_rxJzzEbrTnZxcf1WDSYu5KPomxbR0tPFGYFi7JAbCr6aJ19i0fIhYC/w640-h480/195526f9244ffcf8d5ca0108948f72a4-001.jpg" width="640" /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> <br /></span><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>What is the bearing capacity of soil? </b><br />In a nutshell, bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads that are applied to the ground above. It depends primarily on the type of soil, its shear strength and its density. It also depends on the depth of embedment of the load – the deeper it is founded, the greater the bearing capacity. <br /><br />Where there is insufficient bearing capacity, the ground can be improved or alternatively the load can be spread over a larger area such that the applied stress to the soil is reduced to an acceptable value less than the bearing capacity. This can be achieved with spread foundations composed of reinforced concrete, for example. <br /><br />In the case of working platforms for cranes and piling rigs, improved load spread is provided by a granular platform whose performance can be further improved by mechanical stabilisation using Tensar geogrids.<br /><br /><b>Bearing capacity types and formulae</b></span><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>The types of bearing capacity of soil are:</span></span></b></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Ultimate bearing capacity (qᵤ):</strong> the maximum
vertical pressure that can be applied to the ground surface, at which
point a shear failure mechanism develops in the supporting soil.</span></li></ul><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="color: #0e2244;">Net ultimate bearing capacity (q</span></strong>ₙ<strong>ᵤ): </strong>this is the ultimate bearing capacity minus the weight of soil <strong>(𝝲)</strong> multiplied by the depth of the foundation <strong>(</strong><strong><span style="color: #272930;">D</span></strong><strong>)</strong><span style="color: #272930;">. </span>The formula is <strong><span style="color: #0e2244;">q</span></strong><strong>ₙᵤ = qᵤ - 𝝲</strong><strong><span style="color: #272930;">D</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #272930;">f</span></strong>.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Net safe bearing capacity </strong><strong>(qₙₛ): </strong>the allowable bearing capacity <strong>(qₙₛ)</strong> is the net ultimate bearing capacity <strong><span style="color: #0e2244;">(q</span></strong>ₙ<strong>ᵤ) </strong>divided by a factor a safety (typically this will be 3). The formula is <strong>qₙₛ = </strong><strong><span style="color: #0e2244;">q</span></strong>ₙ<strong>ᵤ / F</strong>. The factor may be increased to limit settlements further if required.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Gross safe bearing capacity (qₛ): </strong>dividing the ultimate bearing capacity by a factor of safety gives you the gross safe bearing capacity <strong>(qₛ = qᵤ / F)</strong>.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>Net safe settlement pressure (qₙₚ): </strong>the maximum load the soil can take before it exceeds the allowable amount of soil settlement.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><strong>Net allowable bearing capacity (qₙₐ):</strong> this
is the value used in the design of foundations, and is often simply
referred to as the ‘allowable bearing capacity’. The net allowable
bearing capacity <strong>(qₙₐ) </strong>is equal to either the net safe bearing capacity <strong>(qₙₛ) </strong>or the net safe settlement pressure <strong>(qₙₚ)</strong>, whichever is the lower figure.</span></span></li></ul><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PCFWQnRHHMHJRy3b9MnXowMrgSxe2Ymd/view?usp=share_link" target="_blank"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-75213182170592109242023-01-02T02:47:00.002-08:002023-01-02T02:47:14.859-08:00Textbook of Engineering Drawing - PDF<p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="479" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglqg_JztO1ENfwu4ffkJ1fLH5nMm45_3Q4ilVsmctdHOiSUNa2A-OxVrT_2XX9s3eIUddai9eMNIE6rIPhBoxzByf41GXMv4QEr9Wh6k2UDWF_TkdyEB8_rAriohVJUpoanSv5yyt00-63eIo1OI8c0omgG8zO3UlimSnMPK1oxaUyvGUrAzUXjpxY/w480-h640/PDF-TEXTBOOK-OF-ENGINEERING-DRAWING-SECOND-EDITION-BY-K.-VENKATA-REDDY.png" width="480" /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br />The subject in general is designed to impart the following skills.<br /> Engineering drawing is a two dimensional representation of three dimensional objects. In general, it provides necessary information about the shape, size, surface quality, material, manufacturing process, etc., of the object. <br /></span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ability to read and prepare engineering drawings.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Ability to make free – hand sketching of objects.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Power to imagine, analyse and communicate, and</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Capacity to understand other subjects. </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>ENGINEERING DRAWING BY K. VENKATA REDDY PDF</b><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Book Contents </b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Preface. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Drawing instruments and accessories. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Lettering and dimensioning practices. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Scales. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Geometrical constructions. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Orthographic projections. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Projection of solids. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Development of surfaces. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Intersection of surfaces. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Isometric projection. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Oblique and perspective projections. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Conversion of Isometric views to orthographic views and vice versa. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sections of solids. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Freehand sketching. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Computer Aided Design and Drawing (CADD). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Worksheets </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Annexure </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Objective Type Questions. Answers. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Model Question Papers. </span></li></ul></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script><b>Contents of Textbook of Engineering Drawing: <br />CHAPTER-1 </b><br />Drawing Instruments and Accessories 1.1-1.5 <br />1.1 Introduction, 1.1 <br />1.2 Role of Engineering Drawing, 1.1 <br />1.3 Drawing Instrument and Aids, 1.1 <br />1.3.1 Drawing Board, 1.2 <br />1.3.2 Mini-Draughter, 1.2 <br />1.3.3 Instrument Box, 1.2 <br />1.3.4 Set of Scales, 1.3 <br />1.3.5 French Curves, 1.4 <br />1.3.6 Templates, 1.4 <br />1.3.7 Pencils, 1.4 <br /><br /><b>CHAPTER- 2 </b><br />Lettering and Dimensioning Practices 2.1-2.25 <br />2.1 Introduction. 2.1 <br />2.2 Drawing Sheet, 2.1 <br />2.2.1 Title Block, 2.2 <br />2.2.2 Drawing Sheet Layout (Is 10711 : 2001), 2.3 <br />2.2.3 Folding of Drawing Sheets, 2.3 <br />2.2.4 Lines (IS 10714 (Part 20): 2001 and SP 46: 2003), 2.4 <br /> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>CHAPTER- 3 </b><br />Scales 3.1-3.12 <br />3.1 Introduction, 3.1 <br />3.2 Reducing and Enlarging Scales, 3.1 <br />3.3 Representative Fraction, 3.2 <br />3.4 Types of Scales, 3.2 <br />3.4.1 Plain Scales, 3.2 <br />3.4.2 Diagonal Scales, 3.5 <br />3.4.3 Vernier Scales, 3.9 <br /><br /><b>CHAPTER-4 </b><br />Geometrical Constructions 4.1-4.51 <br />4.1 Introduction, 4.1 <br />4.2 Conic Sections 4.12 <br />4.2.1 Circle, 4.13 <br />4.2.2 Ellipse, 4.13 <br />4.2.3 Parabola, 4.13 <br />4.2.4 Hyperbola, 4.13 <br />4.2.5 Conic Sections as Loci of a Moving Point, </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://ia800107.us.archive.org/18/items/TextbookOfEngineeringDrawing_201802/Textbook%20of%20Engineering%20Drawing.pdf" target="_blank"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-52631695864652209102022-12-21T02:50:00.002-08:002022-12-21T02:50:55.656-08:00Basic's On INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES - PDF<div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZYubci741dMU5cZg8B4t-ElxxABRKpVplL8bw0tKYM_vjXvLINhfrhfnsuoCuIoxumyI3l_zuTWHxNliAovV5-xJE_xLLL2DpRX14gu15M7xSJrywUf2CyWDtWLgATWEWO4HfVjS7YR8GptVXZs_tDP7BfJDa-BVVdqSDp9JfODCOjWIsKBq_2nOt/s1024/1.jpg"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZYubci741dMU5cZg8B4t-ElxxABRKpVplL8bw0tKYM_vjXvLINhfrhfnsuoCuIoxumyI3l_zuTWHxNliAovV5-xJE_xLLL2DpRX14gu15M7xSJrywUf2CyWDtWLgATWEWO4HfVjS7YR8GptVXZs_tDP7BfJDa-BVVdqSDp9JfODCOjWIsKBq_2nOt/w640-h480/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></span><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> Text Book :-</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">I.C Engines by M.L. Mathur and R.P. Sharma, Dhanpat Rai Publications- 2012.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Internal Combustion Engines by V.Ganeshan, Tata McGraw Hill, 3rd Ed.2009.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Fundamentals of Internal Combustion Engines by J.B. Heywood, Tata McGraw Hill, 1988.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>Reference Books :</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Engineering Fundamentals of the I.C. Engines by Willard W.Pulkrabek, Year 1998.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Combustion Engine Process by Lichty Judge, Year 2000.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">A Course in I.C. Engine by V.M.Domkundawar, Dhanpathrai Publications - 1999.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Wikipedia.com</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Objectives</span></b></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">After Studying this unit you should be able to know. How internal combustion engines are classified,</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Applied Thermal Engineering on which cycles these engines work,</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">How and how many times the piston has to move to and fro to complete a cycle,</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">What fuels are used in these engines and if there are any harmful effects.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Introduction</span></b></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">An engines is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal energy and uses this thermal energy to produce mechanical work.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Engines normally convert thermal energy into mechanical work and therefore they are called heat engines.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;">Heat engines can be broadly classified into :<br />* External Combustion Engines (EC Engines)<br />* Internal Combustion Engines ( IC Engines)</span><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c9B37NyKZ0P1KYzhyGn4aBh-NgGH-OQf/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download PDF</a></span></b></div><br /></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-74486710306655978552022-12-19T22:59:00.003-08:002022-12-19T23:07:06.724-08:00BASICS ON ELECTRIC CIRCUIT - PDF<p style="text-align: left;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSGrnjpCiyYOpKDKZAaHmMZPBhsySvAzJCvfOA-OZ9ELGNKWSeCqlE25CNBjB0puMSol7VJX9g26QRU11Sj70I0dRx4U1uK6yUf5hsR8xeDzSTSk4K5RVZNrJ-mmnxvJBcmzBBklvAlalhOQlc1cjqP21LzuikKVMpqQj65QJtV8uYPhtiA5tVRJKW/w640-h480/electric-circuits-chapter-2-120801102125-phpapp01%20(1)-01.jpg" /><br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>Introduction<br /></b></p><p><b>Fundamental laws that govern electric circuits:</b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Ohm’s Law.</li><li>Kirchoff’s Law.</li></ul><p><b>These laws form the foundation upon which electric circuit analysis is built. </b></p><p><b>Common techniques in circuit analysis and design:</b><br /></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Combining resistors in series and parallel.</li><li>Voltage and current divisions.</li><li>Wye to delta and delta to wye transformations.</li></ul><b>These techniques are restricted to resistive circuits.</b><p style="text-align: center;"><b>Ohm’s Law</b><br /></p><p>Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is proportional to the voltage across the conductor. This is true for many materials (including metals) provided the temperature (and other physical factors) remain constant. The constant of proportionality, R,R is the resistance and the unit is the ohm, with symbol \Omega,Ω. The relationship can be written as: V, equals, I, R. <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>V=IR </b><br /></p><p>where V,V is the voltage across the conductor and I,I is the current flowing through it. If a component is ohmic (it obeys Ohm's Law), then its resistance must be independent of current and voltage.</p><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-46556029117277941472022-12-04T21:42:00.003-08:002022-12-04T21:43:13.844-08:00Presentation On Basic Electrical Circuit Theory - PDF<div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTrkKydkTsAO2ByRPEa5IlhOg3dI7KXD2HGIcjfLFRwhTv_p92xoPqpQAnRlEMJQAVd0lzf7r1Per1q_Cc55Tx1273KxMRKc3FacMKwln7cMRKF-ZDq1EJJmH-r0-km3MhueGV46QvTaMDngnQMDUO-nqv465AM4ymALJpBwAV1OO9r4-BUzQiS35-/w640-h480/basicelectricalcircuittheory-151206133251-lva1-app6891%20(1)-01.jpg" /></span><br /></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /> Electric circuits or networks are the assemblage of devices and or equipment needed to connect the source of energy to the user or the device which exploits it. Communications systems, computer systems and power systems all consist of more or less complicated electric circuits which themselves are made up of a number of circuit elements. The devices and equipment mentioned above may be represented by ‘equivalent circuits’ consisting of these circuit elements, and an equivalent circuit must behave to all intents and purposes in the same way as the device or equipment which it represents. In other words, if the device were put into one ‘black box’ and the equivalent circuit were put into another ‘black box’, an outside observer of the behavior of each would be unable to say which black box contained the real device and which contained the equivalent circuit. In practice it is virtually impossible to achieve exact equivalence.<br /> <br /><br /><b>What is an Electric Circuit? </b><br />In the simplest terms, an electric circuit is a pathway for an electric current to flow from one point to another. From a high level, every circuit has three basic components: <br />Voltage source <br />Conductive path <br />A Load <br /><br /><b>Voltage Source </b><br />A voltage source introduces energy into a circuit via a potential difference between its positive (+) and negative (–) terminals. Voltage sources can be AC or DC–the main difference being how the current flows. AC sources produce voltages that vary sinusoidally, i.e. the current reverses direction periodically. Examples are power from the grid or generators. On the other hand, DC sources produce current that flows in one direction. Batteries are a source of DC voltage. <br /><br /> <b>Conductive Path </b><br />A conductive path (aka a conductor) provides a medium for current flow through a circuit. These components have a very low resistance to current, e.g., copper wires, lead solder, or metallic traces on a printed circuit board (PCB). Conductors also help link other components together to achieve a single function. <br /><br /><b>Load </b><br />A load is any device that consumes power in a circuit. It can be anything from a light-emitting diode (LED) to a motor or siren. During a short circuit, the load is the conductor itself which generates heat, dissipating electric power. <br /><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-2705832673323058432022-11-12T01:54:00.003-08:002022-11-12T01:54:46.124-08:00ADVANCED CONCRETE TECHNOLGY - DOWNLOAD PDF<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTKMlTnywkWu7QgGtfgDedKM4cQxii3Y2kV1QYHuhdgEBdE56GVD49bqWLTzzFPFae4kTfxWDbyO6oNX7Wd_g36o74B94E1LahxZH0b6tsDli5DGoyIE-2DdifMcWsplVvYzD7SKbBor696HuTWJbN40M3US4S_mOO8b36mGQdivAc7u69xRKzZ7lF/s16000/Screenshot%202022-11-12%20140133.jpg" /> <br /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b>Preface</b><br /></p><p style="text-align: left;">Concrete is the most widely used material in the world. It plays an important role in infrastructure and private buildings construction. Understanding the basic behaviors of concrete is essential for civil engineering students to become civil engineering professionals. There have been some very good books regarding concrete, including Concrete by Mindess, Young, and Darwin, Concrete: Structure, Properties, and Materials by Mehta and Monteriro, and Concrete Technology by Neville and Brook. The motivation to write this book is to introduce new methodologies, new developments, and new innovations in concrete technology. </p><p style="text-align: left;">The unique features of this book include the introduction of end use guided research strategy for concrete, unification of materials and structures studies, and an emphasize on fundamental exploration of concrete structures, state of art of concrete development, and innovations. This book provides more comprehensive<br />knowledge on concrete technology, including the systematic introduction of concrete fracture<br />mechanics and nondestructive evaluation for concrete engineering.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script><br />The book is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction of concrete, including its historic development and advantages. Chapter 2 provides the knowledge of raw materials used for making concrete, covering aggregates, binders, admixtures, and water. Chapter 3 discusses the properties of fresh concrete, including workability and the corresponding measurement methods. Chapter 4 focuses on the structure of concrete at different scales, especially the calcium silicate hydrate at nanometer scale. Chapter 5 covers the properties of hardened concrete, including strength, durability, stress–strain relation, and dimension stability. Chapter 6 provides updated knowledge on various cement-based composites, including self-consolidation concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, and extruded and engineered cementitious composites.<br /> </p><p style="text-align: left;">Chapter 7 focuses the fracture behavior of concrete and provides the basic knowledge of fracture mechanics of concrete. Chapter 8 covers the essential knowledge of nondestructive testing of concrete engineering, including wave propagation theory in 1-D case, detecting principles of different NDT methodologies and techniques of different NDT methods. In Chapter 9, the issues regarding the future and development trend of concrete have been discussed.<br /> </p><p style="text-align: left;">Although the book is designed and written primarily to meet the teaching needs for undergraduate students at senior level and graduate students at entry level, it can serve as a reference or a guide for professional engineers in their practice. In the process of writing this book, the authors received enthusiastic help and invaluable assistance from many people, which is deeply appreciated. The authors would like to express<br />his special thanks to Dr. Garrison C. K. Chau, Dr. Biwan Xu, and Dr. Jianzhong Shen for their help in editing the book draft. Mr. Mike Pomfret is acknowledged for his professional page proofreading. The photos provided by Profs. Wei Sun, Tongbo Sui, Linhai Han, and Zhen He Drs. Xiaojian Gao, Herbert Zheng, and Jinyang Jiang; Mr. Peter Allen; and the companies of Ove Arup and Gammon are greatly appreciated.<br /> </p><p style="text-align: left;">The support from China Basic Research Grant, Basic Research on Environmentally Friendly<br />Contemporary Concrete (2009CB623200) is greatly acknowledged.<br />Finally, I would like to thank for my wife, Xiuming Cui, my daughters Yexin Li and Aileen<br />Li for their love, understanding, and support. </p><p style="text-align: left;"><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-45248048334957917872022-11-06T19:27:00.002-08:002022-11-06T19:27:52.600-08:00Basic Note's on Diesel Power Plant (Download PDF)<div><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSVBxPAfx01h4vwo7U6YDAaHEUQbRIUdsdlJ3EyXcXGU7cl_QTqyKb6Dflvoudadvkzn5lHjbTAzo7A3_OXPZW8svftK7o2lF4QQ_V8byQSO6NMmwkSeUwJQr_0OxshwBn4_S8TJdTo--3xuZ1v8VbpdkN9ulPUbGBdWO_Avq4i3G4KCrAZr6aO4fu/w640-h480/1.jpg" width="640" /> </span></div> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>INTRODUCTION</b><br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Diesel Power Plants produce power in the range of 2 to 50 MW, are used as central stations for supply authorities and work.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">They are used as standby sets for continuity of supply such as hospitals, telephone exchanges, radio stations , cinema theaters and industries.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">They are suitable for mobile power generation and widely used in railways and ships.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Used as Peak Load Plants, Mobile Plants, Stand by units, Emergency plants, Starting Stations, Central Stations, Industries where power requirement is small 500kw.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Advantages of Diesel Power Plant </b><br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">It can respond to varying loads without any difficulty.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> It occupies less space.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">For the same capacity diesel power plant is compact and smaller than a thermal power plant.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Diesel power plants are more efficient than steam power plants in the range of 150 MW capacity.</span></li></ul><p> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Disadvantages of Diesel Power Plant </b><br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> High operating cost.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">High maintenance and lubrication cost.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">The capacity of a diesel plant is limited. They cannot be constructed in large sizes.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">In a diesel plant noise is a serious problem.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Diesel power plants cannot supply over loads continuously where as steam power plants can work under 25 percent overload continuously. </span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Heat Engine : Any Type of engine or device that derives heat energy from combustion of fuel and converts to heat energy from combustion of fuel and converts to mechanical energy.</b><br /></span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">In an Internal Combustion Engine, combustion takes place within working fluid of the engine, thus fluid gets contaminated with combustion products.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Petrol Engine is an example of internal combustion engine, where the working fluid is a mixture of air and fuel.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">In an External combustion engine, working fluid gets energy using boilers by burning fossil fuels or any other fuel, thus the working fluid does not come in contact with combustion products.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Steam engine is an example of external combustion engine, where the working fluid is steam.</span></li></ul><p><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-52052538118017564732022-11-06T03:56:00.002-08:002022-11-06T03:56:22.828-08:00DESIGN OF RAFT FOUNDATIONS - PDF<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="638" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9BEw2FFFtg-HLCJDG0hexlyr9Ppz1I6s3IPACALsK0IYkBgvb3Q9kPA7kb1YEsCDBfHg2aHYbbnjx9SsexOSMWWmkIIj7Mq5QqcyFvkbAdZCfmZOIJwmo9vPEwlk4gPF-yBzrFf9oAfzrJIigaq_4Szgpw6DKdZlp9dQkQsksRgWsG9h9uSHwmCxh/w640-h360/1.jpg" width="640" /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS </b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Shallow Strip Edge Beams - For Light Loaded Buildings</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Pad - To Support Internal Columns of Buildings</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Raft - To keep Movements to a tolerable.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Deep Driven Piles - Significant depth to competent.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Bored Piles - Large Capacity Required.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>What is RAFT FOUNDATION ?</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">A Foundation System in which essentially the entire building is placed on a large continuous footing. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Usually large concrete slab supporting many columns.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Commonly used as foundation for silos, chimneys, large machinery.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">It is a flat concrete slab, heavily reinforced with steel, which carries the downward loads of the individual columns or walls.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>TO DESIGN RAFT FOUNDATIONS</b><br /></span><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Determine the capacity of the foundation.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Determine the settlement of foundation.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Determine the differential settlement. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Determine the stress distribution beneath the foundation. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Design the structural component of the mat foundation using the stress distribution obtain from 4.</span></li></ol><span style="font-family: verdana;"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-92016229628541873662022-10-31T21:20:00.004-07:002022-10-31T21:20:43.538-07:00Scope of Civil Engineering - Impact of Infrastructural Development on Economy of Country - PDF<div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOAso1oBki2GhbG3U4YarWQw6959hhl5okV5OCELJlHBbzSAIriI8jfoS89-y9zZKqY1X7J_2TBVk25ITvQ7IQUX_yfK84rmKLzPtWimrezCmCDChNzf7bNo8PCRbLs9qXYXjOh7Uiagysr6FdfR8hgVQZxGZJ2TCEr-MNMdWzwde2XQG35QPCHCGq/s638/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="478" data-original-width="638" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOAso1oBki2GhbG3U4YarWQw6959hhl5okV5OCELJlHBbzSAIriI8jfoS89-y9zZKqY1X7J_2TBVk25ITvQ7IQUX_yfK84rmKLzPtWimrezCmCDChNzf7bNo8PCRbLs9qXYXjOh7Uiagysr6FdfR8hgVQZxGZJ2TCEr-MNMdWzwde2XQG35QPCHCGq/w640-h480/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>INDEX</b><br /></span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Scope of Civil Engineering.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Role of Civil Engineer in Society.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Impact of Infrastructural Development on Economy of Country.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Scope of Civil Engineering</b><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br />Civil Engineering is the oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from the stone age of civilization.<br />American Society of Civil Engineering Defines civil engineering as the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of the nature for the progressive well being of man.<br /><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND THEIR SCOPE</b><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>Civil Engineering may be divided into the following fields :-</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Building Materials</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Building Construction</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Structural Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Geo technical Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Hydraulics, water resources and irrigation engineering.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Water Supply and sanitary engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Environmental Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Transportation Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Town Planning and architecture.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Surveying</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Drawing</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Estimation and Specification</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Management Techniques </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Computer Application</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script></span>
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</script></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-90275756830933726872022-10-24T04:00:00.003-07:002022-10-24T04:00:47.127-07:00Strength Of Materials (Mechanics Of Solids) - Multicolor Edition<div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoWCxBgX7VIdz56TeUzRHTNLAbtRWN4Los-pjT5aiWrtmqPl-xLllGmPVi8d6VDvUpW-NLVsYG4QdVkVboi7zSG-9kaU7bktb4TGhIHIrs3i-XtaNZRYden9U9ReO72kLHwYRKx2UWv6xH0Gcf4GVkG73deB7wpJfiEvqO6D6Vr1kye813LUZQDYYh/w502-h640/fundamentals%20of%20electric%20curitu.jpg" width="502" /><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Preface To The Twenty Third Edition</b></span></h2><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">It gives a great pleasure in presenting the new multi color edition of this popular book to innumerable students and academic staff of the Universities in India and abroad. The favourable and warm reception which the previous editions and reprints of this book have enjoyed all over India and abroad, has been a matter of great satisfaction. <br />The present edition of this book is in S.I. units.To make the book really useful at all levels, a number of articles as well as solved and have been eliminated. Three new chapters of Thick Cylindrical and Spherical Shells, Bending of Curved Bars and Mechanical Properties of Materials have also been added. <br />Any errors, omissions and suggestions for the improvement of this volume, will be thankfully acknowledged and incorporated in the next edition.<br /></span> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Preface To The First Edition</b><br /></span></h2><span style="font-family: verdana;">I take an opportunity to present Strength of Materials to the students of Degree and Diploma, in general, and A.M.I.E (I) Section 'A' in particular. The object of this book is to present the subject matter in most concise, compact, to the point and lucid manner.<br />While writing the book , I have always kept in view the examination requirements of the students and various difficulties and troubles, which they face, while studying the subject. I have also constantly, kept in view the requirements of those intelligent students, who are always keen to increases their knowledge. All along the approach to the subject matter, every care has been taken to deal with each and every topic as well as problem from the fundamentals and in the simplest possible manner, within the mathematical ability of an average student. <br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script><br />The subject matter has been amply illustrated by incorporating a good number of solved, unsolved and well graded examples of almost every variety. Most of these examples are taken from the recent examination papers of Indian as well as foreign universities and professional examining bodies, to make the student, familiar with the types of questions, usually set in their examinations. At the end of each topic. a few exercise have been added, for the students to solve them independently. Answer to these problems have been provided, but it is too much to hope that these are entirely free from errors. At the end of each chapter, Highlights have been added, which summaries the main topics discussed in the chapter for quick revision before the examination. In short, it is earnestly hoped that the book will earn the appreciation of the teachers and student alike.<br /><br />Although every care has been taken to check mistakes and misprints, yet it is difficult to claim perfection. Any errors, omissions and suggestions for the improvement of this volume, brought to my notice, will be thankfully acknowledged and incorporated in the next edition.<br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>R.S.KHURMI</b><br /></span></div><div><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Content :- <br /></b></span></h3><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">1. Introduction.<br />2.Simple Stresses and Strains. <br />3.Stresses and Strains in Bars of Varying Sections.<br />4. Stresses and Strains in Statically Indeterminate Structures.<br />5. Thermal Stresses and Strains.<br />6. Elastic Constants.<br />7. Principal Stresses and Strains.<br /> 8. Strain Energy and Impact Loading.<br />9. Center of Gravity.<br />10. Moment of Inertia.<br />11. Analysis of Prefect Frames ( Analytical Method).<br />12. Analysis of Perfect Frames ( Graphical Method).<br />13. bending Moment and Shear Force.<br />14. Bending Stresses in Simple Beams.<br />15. Bending Stresses in Composite Beams.<br />16. Shearing Stresses in Beams.<br />17. Direct and Bending Stresses.<br />18. Dams and Retaining Walls.<br />19. Deflection of Beams.<br />20. Deflection of Cantilevers.<br />21. Deflection by Moment Area Method.<br />22. Deflection by Moment Area Method.<br />22. Deflection by Conjugate Beam Method.<br />23. Propped Cantilevers and Beams.<br />24. Fixed Beams.<br />25. Theorem of Three Moments.<br />26. Moment Distribution Method.<br />27. Torsion of Circular Shafts.<br />28. Springs.<br />29. Riveted Joints.<br />30. Welding Joints.<br />31. Thin Cylindrical and Spherical Shells.<br />32. Thick Cylindrical and Spherical Shells.<br />33. Bending of Curved Bars.<br /> 34. Columns and Struts.<br />35. Introduction to Reinforced Concrete. <br />36. Mechanical Properties of Materials.<br />Appendix<br />Index<br /><br /><br /><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <a href="https://dvr1980.files.wordpress.com/2020/09/strength-of-materials-by-khurmi-.pdf" target="_blank"><b>Download Text Book </b></a><br /></span></p></div><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-31980687434183893382022-10-22T23:47:00.005-07:002022-10-22T23:47:36.732-07:00Fundementals of Electric Circuits - 4th Edition<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">\<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz65epHiXCDinBBBPSlRNsfhlBcdPHk7xcIesbAkbXl9WOKvaRLU8VroorG7nniThTHgQs9s_cE-UMC7pGKseSMskSVHk2IcEtHd7tn3L0MBjIi9xgBn39um0_FjuoGod_0hK7NYQJKG3IlJl47mfwDecixNduQtl1pT6mJfpVd3i47ZcSHNnv8nEK/w466-h640/fundamentals%20of%20electric%20curitu.jpg" /><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Preface</b></span><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;">You may be wondering why we chose a photo of astronauts working in space on the Space Station for the cover. We actually chose it for several reasons. Obviously, it is very exciting; in fact, space represents the most exciting frontier for the entire world! In addition, much of the station itself consists of all kinds of circuits! One of the most significant circuits within the station is its power distribution system. It is a complete and self contained, modern power generation and distribution system. That is why NASA (especially NASA-Glenn) continues to be at the forefront of both theoretical as well as applied power system research and development. The technology that has gone into the development of space exploration continues to find itself impacting terrestrial technology in many important ways. For some of you, this will be an important career path. </span><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>New to This Edition</b></span><br /></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">A course in circuit analysis is perhaps the first exposure students have to electrical engineering. This is also a place where we can enhance some of the skills that they will later need as they learn how to design.<br />In the fourth edition, we have included a very significant new feature to help students enhance skills that are an important part of the design process. We call this new feature, design a problem.<br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script><br />We know it is not possible to fully develop a student’s design skills in a fundamental course like circuits. To fully develop design skills a student needs a design experience normally reserved for their senior<br />year. This does not mean that some of those skills cannot be developed and exercised in a circuits course. The text already included open ended questions that help students use creativity, which is an impor-<br />tant part of learning how to design. We already have some questions that are open desired to add much more into our text in this important area and have developed an approach to do just that. When we develop<br />problems for the student to solve our goal is that in solving the problem the student learn more about the theory and the problem solving process. Why not have the students design problems like we do? That<br />is exactly what we will do in each chapter. <br /> <br />Within the normal problem set, we have a set of problems where we ask the student to design a problem. This will have two very important results. The first will be a better understanding of the basic theory and the second will be the enhancement of some of the student’s basic design skills. We are making effective use of the principle of learning by teaching. Essentially we all learn better when we teach a subject. Designing effective problems is a key part of the teaching process. Students should also be encouraged to develop problems, when appropriate,which have nice numbers and do not necessarily overemphasize complicated mathematical manipulations.<br /> Additionally we have changed almost 40% of the Practice Problems with the idea to better reflect more real component values and to help the student better understand the problem and have added 121 design a problem problems. We have also changed and added a total of 357 end-of-chapter problems (this number contains the new design a problem problems). This brings up a very important advantage to our textbook, we have a total of 2404 Examples, Practice Problems, Review Questions, and end-of-chapter problems! <br /></span><br /><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://library.iitp.ac.in/images/btech_ebook/Fundementals%20of%20Electric%20Circuits%20by%20Alexander%20and%20Sadiku.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: courier;"><b>Download PDF</b></span></span></a><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script></p><p><br /><br /><br /><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-21424692261831817292022-10-18T22:10:00.003-07:002022-10-18T22:10:51.827-07:00Basics on Tacheometric Surveying - PDF<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAmDIt6ePVGo-3r_wUeqtTkp6RiXXldbkWY96BVGmPKdjmu3aAP2TF9ObM0yZXlZ7E5h7gK7JvacrBFVfq_7TOBIabxMJY2GVWhPXv-gWR_UXM0tXd4TDmS7ItYk7MKM7nXo93ADq71AfhsmmlPL6daYRAgyUz1FBDg28X0o-0M46dqO_-HbGS8k3k/w640-h360/tacheometer.jpg" width="640" /><br /></span></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b> </b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING </b><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;">Tacheometry or tachemetry or telemetry is a branch of angular surveying in which the horizontal and vertical distances of points are obtained by optical means as opposed to the ordinary slower process of measurements by tape or chain. <br /><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>The method is very rapid and convenient.</b><br /></span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">It is best adapted in obstacles such as steep and broken ground, deep ravines, stretches of water or swamp and so on , which make chaining difficult or impossible,</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">The primary object of tacheometry is the preparation of contoured maps or plans requiring both the horizontal as well as vertical control. Also, on surveys of hogher accuracy, it provides a check on distances measured with the tape.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Tacheometry (from Greek, quick measure), is a system of rapid surveying , by which the positions, both horizontal and vertical, of points on the earth surface relatively to one another are determined without using a chain or tape or a separate leveling instrument.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script><b>Uses of Tacheometry </b><br /></span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">The tacheometric methods of surveying are used with advantages over the direct methods of measurement of horizontal distances and differences in elevations.Some of the uses are :</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Preparation of topographic maps which require both elevations and horizontal distances.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Survey work in difficult terrain where direct methods are inconvenient.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Detail filling</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Reconnaissance surveys for highways, railways, etc.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Checking of already measured distance.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Hydro-graphic surveys and </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Establishing secondary control.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Instruments</b><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">An ordinary transit theodolite fitted with stadia diaphragm is generally used for tacheometric survey.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">The stadia diaphragm essentially consists of one stadia hair above and the other an equal distance below the horizontal cross hair the stadia hairs being mounted in the ring and on the same vertical plane as the horizontal and vertical cross hairs.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CmN2uet2Lp9Z2dmnwHeHjonyWWZovYiE/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Download PDF</span></a><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /></span></div><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-63662942150160892312022-10-09T20:34:00.004-07:002022-10-09T20:34:29.106-07:00Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers - PDF <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJMUdFHorzTTedtoyrebHU6nNKijsQdOy2q93UW8GG8XbpmfwPC_2UgiRQQBZUswv4GVsglr3RqxZB2VfnOzv4R0G89HhU4iRUxEjhAUeZSMTxctDkXJ-WM6qXU-IUANoukUfeaZKBEyqjZvxyRUCMuAFfdQFw7UpdRan0lb-m20lKlffwZcXXcMW/s524/Capture.JPG"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJMUdFHorzTTedtoyrebHU6nNKijsQdOy2q93UW8GG8XbpmfwPC_2UgiRQQBZUswv4GVsglr3RqxZB2VfnOzv4R0G89HhU4iRUxEjhAUeZSMTxctDkXJ-WM6qXU-IUANoukUfeaZKBEyqjZvxyRUCMuAFfdQFw7UpdRan0lb-m20lKlffwZcXXcMW/w490-h640/Capture.JPG" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><b>Contents</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Materials Engineering Concepts</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Nature of Materials</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Steel</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aluminum</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Aggregates</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Portland Cement, Mixing Water, and Admixtures</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Portland Cement Concrete</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Masonry</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Asphalt Binders and Asphalt Mixtures</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Wood</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Composites</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Preface</b></div></b>A basic function of civil and construction engineering is to provide and maintain the infrastructure needs of society. The infrastructure includes buildings, water treatment and distribution systems, waste water removal and processing, dams, and highway and airport bridges and pavements. Although some civil and construction engineers are involved in the planning process, most are concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of facilities. The common denominator among these responsibilities is the need to understand the behavior and performance of materials. Although not all civil and construction engineers need to be material specialists, a basic understanding of the material selection process, and the behavior of materials, is a fundamental requirement for all civil and construction engineers performing design, construction, and maintenance. <br /><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><br />Material requirements in civil engineering and construction facilities are different from material requirements in other engineering disciplines. Frequently, civil engineering structures require tons of materials with relatively low replications of specific designs. Generally, the materials used in civil engineering have relatively low unit costs. In many cases, civil engineering structures are formed or fabricated in the field under adverse conditions. Finally, many civil engineering structures are directly exposed to detrimental effects of the environment. The subject of engineering materials has advanced greatly in the past few decades. As a result, many of the conventional materials have either been replaced by more efficient materials or modified to improve their performance.<br /><br />Civil and construction engineers have to be aware of these advances and be able to select the most cost-effective material or use the appropriate modifier for the specific application at hand. This text is organized into three parts: (1) introduction to materials engineering, (2) characteristics of materials used in civil and construction engineering, and (3) laboratory methods for the evaluation of materials. The introduction to materials engineering includes information on the basic mechanistic properties of materials, environmental influences, and basic material classes. In addition, one of the responsibilities of civil and construction engineers is the inspection and quality control of materials in the construction process.<br /><br />This requires an understanding of material variability and testing procedures. The atomic structure of materials is covered in order to provide basic understanding of material behavior and to relate the molecular structure to the engineering response. The second section, which represents a large portion of the book, presents the characteristics of the primary material types used in civil and construction engineering: steel, aluminum, concrete, masonry, asphalt, wood, and composites. Since the discussion of concrete and asphalt materials requires a basic knowledge of aggregates, there is a chapter on aggregates. Moreover, since composites are gaining wide acceptance among engineers and are replacing many of the conventional materials, there is a chapter introducing composites.<br /><br /><b>The discussion of each type of material includes information on the following: </b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Basic structure of the materials </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Material production process </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Mechanistic behavior of the material and other properties </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Environmental influences </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Construction considerations </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Special topics related to the material discussed in each chapter</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;">Finally, each chapter includes an overview of various test procedures to introduce the test methods used with each material. However, the detailed description of the test procedures is left to the appropriate standards organizations such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). These ASTM and AASHTO standards are usually available in college libraries, and students are encouraged to use them. Also, there are sample problems in most chapters, as well as selected questions and problems at the end of each chapter. Answering these questions and problems will lead to a better understanding of the subject matter.<br /><br />There are volumes of information available for each of these materials. It is not possible, or desirable, to cover these materials exhaustively in an introductory single text. Instead, this book limits the information to an introductory level, concentrates on current practices, and extracts information that is relevant to the general education of civil and construction engineers.<br /><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script><br />The content of the book is intended to be covered in one academic semester, although quarter system courses can definitely use it. The instructor of the course can also change the emphasis of some topics to match the specific curriculum of the department. Furthermore, since the course usually includes a laboratory portion, a number of laboratory test methods are described. The number of laboratory tests in the book is more than what is needed in a typical semester in order to provide more flexibility to the instructor to use the available equipment. Laboratory tests should be coordinated with the topics covered in the lectures so that the students get the most benefit from the laboratory experience.<br /><br />The first edition of this textbook served the needs of many universities and colleges. Therefore, the second edition was more of a refinement and updating of the book, with some notable additions. Several edits were made to the steel chapter to improve the description of heat treatments, phase diagram, and the heat-treating effects of welding. Also, a section on stainless steel was added, and current information on the structural uses of steel was provided. The cement and concrete chapters have been augmented with sections on hydration-control admixtures, recycled wash water, silica fume, self-consolidating concrete, and flow able fill. When the first edition was published, the Super pave mix design method was just being introduced to the industry. Now Super pave is a well-established method that has been field tested and revised to better meet the needs of the paving community.<br /><br />This development required a complete revision to the asphalt chapter to accommodate the current methods and procedures for both Performance Grading of asphalt binders and the Super pave mix design method. The chapter on wood was revised to provide information on recent manufactured wood products that became available in the past several years. Also, since fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been more commonly used in retrofitting old and partially damaged structures, several examples were added in the chapter on composites. In the laboratory manual, an experiment on dry-rodded unit weight of aggregate that is used in Portland cement concrete (PCC) proportioning was added, and the experiment on creep of asphalt concrete was deleted for lack of use.</span><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-22109067587982957372022-09-18T21:09:00.002-07:002022-09-18T23:31:29.687-07:00Introduction to Civil Engineering - Download PDF<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSpW5N2zdFXXgzPN_N-CnQXxP-HcQ-DYp1tfzVqgPkpuaTl3kFcEX7gRg2XP2AvZNa4A41LVVTCST5R_EjTei35WWYrNTM3-4K43V2aRAEacdrZMVepWgdzC7x_bT4s9EumEHew_46eaw4PderUX7ZFr6ZEwFpbizbq3LOR_giq6qyuPJXgUYNrXuX/w640-h480/1.jpg" /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">This Presentation deals with</span></b></div><span style="font-family: verdana;">*Introduction to Civil Engineering</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">*Scope of Different fields of Civil Engineering<br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Architecture & Town Planning</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Building Materials</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Construction Technology</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Environmental Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Geotechnical Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Hydraulics, Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Remote Sensing & GIS</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Structural Engineering</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Surveying </span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Transportation Engineering</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script><div style="text-align: center;"><b>This Presentation also Deals with</b></div>* Roads</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Basic Definition</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Cross Section of road</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Components of road</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Types of road and their Functions</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>*Bridges</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Definitions</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Functions</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Classification</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>*Dams</b><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Definition</span></li><li><span style="font-family: verdana;">Classification </span></li></ul><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">&</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><br /></b>* Infrastructure<br />* Types of Infrastructure<br />* Role of Civil Engineers in Infrastructure Development<br />* Effect of Infrastructure on economic development of a country<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">What is Engineering ?</span></b></div><span style="font-family: verdana;">* Ingenious means 'Clever Person' in Latin<br />* Engineer cleverly uses the available natural resources for the benefit of mankind.<br />* Provides comfort to mankind and makes life comfortable.<br />* Application of scientific and mathematical knowledge and rational thinking to improve living standards .<br /><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Civil Engineering</span></b></div><span style="font-family: verdana;">* Oldest branch of engineering, next to Military Engineering . All engineering works other than for military purpose where grouped in to civil engineering. Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics & present day information technology followed it.<br />* A professional engineering discipline that deals with the analysis, design, construction and maintenance of infrastructural facilities such as buildings, bridges, dams, roads etc.<br />* Constructions are against nature. <br />* Application of physical, mathematical and scientific principles for the convenience of civilization. <br />* Began b/w 4000 BC and 2000 BC ( during Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia , Indus Valley Cavillations ).<br />* John Smeaton was the first self proclaimed civil engineer who built Eddystone Light House in 1771.<br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s9vSRjy5Qf6kGXmP4vU3MpbpqkWlM96k/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download PDF</a></b></span></div><script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"></script>
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</script>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8635919043111122944.post-45832065910074442692022-09-18T19:52:00.003-07:002022-09-18T19:52:38.345-07:00INTRODUCTYORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS - Tenth Edition (Download PDF) <span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXXTYhSsXA1ybXsicaM7GEKWhW-1Saiqgk7YyC_ljE0L3doOs7_dvscJ6qOeh93mGR3LDFy9xUuTqDCrBVLdbPSkAOKY-19Qb0uYa4dk53ihCQagVkXFtLakghcSZiQh6UGW5DsIUVe2PN2-_mBg5Q-t9RvgNszPjJAxaodiVDRjK95Tiye_GUOrWD/s817/1.png"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXXTYhSsXA1ybXsicaM7GEKWhW-1Saiqgk7YyC_ljE0L3doOs7_dvscJ6qOeh93mGR3LDFy9xUuTqDCrBVLdbPSkAOKY-19Qb0uYa4dk53ihCQagVkXFtLakghcSZiQh6UGW5DsIUVe2PN2-_mBg5Q-t9RvgNszPjJAxaodiVDRjK95Tiye_GUOrWD/w510-h640/1.png" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Introduction</span></b></div><span style="font-family: verdana;">The growing sensitivity to the technologies on Wall Street is clear evidence that the electrical/electronics industry is one that will have a sweeping impact on future development in a wide range of areas that affect our life style, general health, and capabilities. Even the arts, initially so determined not to utilize technological methods, are embracing some of the new, innovative techniques that permit exploration into areas they never thought possible. The new Windows approach to computer simulation has made computer systems much friendlier to the average person, resulting in an expanding market which further stimulates growth in the field. The computer in the home will eventually be as common as the telephone or television. In fact, all three are now being integrated into a single unit.<br /><br />Every facet of our lives seems touched by developments that appear to surface at an ever-increasing rate. For the layperson, the most obvious improvement of recent years has been the reduced size of electrical/ electronics systems. Televisions are now small enough to be hand-held and have a battery capability that allows them to be more portable. Computers with significant memory capacity are now smaller than this textbook. The size of radios is limited simply by our ability to read the numbers on the face of the dial. Hearing aids are no longer visible, and pacemakers are significantly smaller and more reliable. All the reduction in size is due primarily to a marvelous development of the last few decades—the integrated circuit (IC). </span><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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</script></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;">First developed in the late 1950s, the IC has now reached a point where cutting 0.18-micrometer lines is commonplace. The integrated circuit shown in Fig. 1.1 is the Intel® Pentium® 4 processor, which has 42 million transistors in an area measuring only 0.34 square inches. Intel Corporation recently presented a technical paper describing 0.02-micrometer (20-nanometer) transistors, developed in its silicon research laboratory. These small, ultra-fast transistors will permit placing nearly one billion transistors on a sliver of silicon no larger than a fingernail. Microprocessors built from these transistors will operate at about 20 GHz. It leaves us only to wonder about the limits of such development.<br /><br />It is natural to wonder what the limits to growth may be when we consider the changes over the last few decades. Rather than following a steady growth curve that would be somewhat predictable, the industry is subject to surges that revolve around significant developments in the field. Present indications are that the level of miniaturization will continue, but at a more moderate pace. Interest has turned toward increasing the quality and yield levels (percentage of good integrated circuits in the production process).<br /><br />History reveals that there have been peaks and valleys in industry growth but that revenues continue to rise at a steady rate and funds set aside for research and development continue to command an increasing share of the budget. The field changes at a rate that requires constant retraining of employees from the entry to the director level. Many companies have instituted their own training programs and have encouraged local universities to develop programs to ensure that the latest concepts and procedures are brought to the attention of their employees. A period of relaxation could be disastrous to a company dealing in competitive products.<br /><br />No matter what the pressures on an individual in this field may be to keep up with the latest technology, there is one saving grace that becomes immediately obvious: Once a concept or procedure is clearly and correctly understood, it will bear fruit throughout the career of the individual at any level of the industry. For example, once a fundamental equation such as Ohm’s law (Chapter 4) is understood, it will not be replaced by another equation as more advanced theory is considered. It is a relationship of fundamental quantities that can have application in the most advanced setting. In addition, once a procedure or method of analysis is understood, it usually can be applied to a wide (if not infinite) variety of problems, making it unnecessary to learn a different technique for each slight variation in the system. The content of this text is such that every morsel of information will have application in more advanced courses. It will not be replaced by a different set of equations and procedures unless required by the specific area of application. <br /><br />Even then, the new procedures will usually be an expanded application of concepts already presented in the text. It is paramount therefore that the material presented in this introductory course be clearly and precisely understood. It is the foundation for the material to follow and will be applied throughout your working days in this growing and exciting field. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6493779434442282"
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